Sodium handling along the nephronDownloads

A 21-year-old male presents to the emergency department with generalized weakness and fatigue. His past medical history is significant for hypertension refractory to several medications but is otherwise unremarkable. He is afebrile, his pulse is 82/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 153/94 mmHg. Labs are as follows: Sodium: 142 mEq/L Potassium: 2.7 mEq/L Bicarbonate: 36 mEq/L Serum pH: 7.5 pCO2: 50 mmHg Aldosterone: Decreased Based on clinical suspicion, a genetic screen is performed, confirming an underlying syndrome due to an autosomal dominant gain of function mutation. Which of the following medications can be given to treat the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after presenting with elevated blood pressure readings during her last two visits. After her last visit 2 months ago, she tried controlling her hypertension with weight loss before starting medical therapy, but she has since been unable to lose any weight. Her pulse is 76/min, and blood pressure is 154/90 mm Hg on the right arm and 155/93 mm Hg on the left arm. She agrees to start treatment with a thiazide diuretic. In response to this treatment, which of the following is most likely to decrease?