A 17-year-old male presents to your office complaining of polyuria, polydipsia, and unintentional weight loss of 12 pounds over the past 3 months. On physical examination, the patient is tachypneic with labored breathing. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities would you most likely observe in this patient?
AHypophosphatemia
BHypermagnesemia
CHyperkalemia
DHyponatremia
EHyperphosphatemia
A medical student is studying human physiology. She learns that there is a membrane potential across cell membranes in excitable cells. The differential distribution of anions and cations both inside and outside the cells significantly contributes to the genesis of the membrane potential. Which of the following distributions of anions and cations best explains the above phenomenon?
AHigh concentration of K+ outside the cell and low concentration of K+ inside the cell
BHigh concentration of Na+ outside the cell and high concentration of K+ inside the cell
CHigh concentration of Ca2+ outside the cell and high concentration of Cl- inside the cell
DLow concentration of K+ outside the cell and high concentration of Ca2+ inside the cell
ELow concentration of Cl- outside the cell and high concentration of Cl- inside the cell
A new drug has been shown to block epithelial sodium channels in the cortical collecting duct. Which of the following is most likely to be decreased upon drug administration?
AUrea reabsorption in the collecting tubules
BHydrogen ion secretion in the collecting tubules
CPotassium secretion in the collecting tubules
DSodium secretion in the collecting tubules
ESodium chloride reabsorption in the distal tubule
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