A 65-year-old female with chronic renal failure presents with recent onset of bone pain. Serum analysis reveals decreased levels of calcium and elevated levels of parathyroid hormone. One of the mechanisms driving the elevated PTH is most similar to that seen in:
ADecreased functioning of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR)
BSarcoidosis
CParathyroid adenoma
DEnd stage liver failure
EInsufficient Ca intake
Which region of the nephron reabsorbs the highest percentage of filtered bicarbonate?
ACollecting duct
BThick ascending limb
CDistal tubule
DProximal tubule
A 55-year-old man with long-standing diabetes presents with a fragility fracture. He has chronic renal failure secondary to his diabetes. His serum parathyroid hormone concentration is elevated. You measure his serum concentration of 25(OH)-vitamin D and find it to be normal, but his concentration of 1,25(OH)-vitamin D is decreased. Which of the following represents a correct pairing of his clinical condition and serum calcium level?
ASecondary hyperparathyroidism with elevated serum calcium
BPrimary hyperparathyroidism with low serum calcium
CTertiary hyperparathyroidism with low serum calcium
DSecondary hyperparathyroidism with low serum calcium
EPrimary hyperparathyroidism with elevated serum calcium
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