A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One week ago, he was treated in the emergency department for chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. As part of his regimen, he was started on a medication that irreversibly inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins. Which of the following is the most likely adverse effect of this medication?
ATinnitus
BGout attack
CChronic rhinosinusitis
DAcute interstitial nephritis
EGastrointestinal hemorrhage
A 70-year-old female with chronic kidney failure secondary to diabetes asks her nephrologist to educate her about the techniques used to evaluate the degree of kidney failure progression. She learns about the concept of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and learns that it can be estimated by measuring the levels of some substances. The clearance of which of the following substances is the most accurate estimate for GFR?
AParaaminohippurate (PAH)
BSodium
CInulin
DCreatinine
EGlucose
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system yields a significant physiological effect on renal blood flow and filtration. Which of the following is most likely to occur in response to increased levels of Angiotensin-II?
ADecreased renal plasma flow, decreased filtration fraction
BDecreased renal plasma flow, increased glomerular capillary oncotic pressure
CIncreased renal plasma flow, decreased filtration fraction
DIncreased renal plasma flow, increased filtration fraction
EDecreased renal plasma flow, increased filtration fraction
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