A 24-year-old man presents for an annual check-up. He is a bodybuilder and tells you he is on a protein-rich diet that only allows for minimal carbohydrate intake. His friend suggests he try exogenous glucagon to help him lose some excess weight before an upcoming competition. Which of the following effects of glucagon is he attempting to exploit?
AIncreased glucose utilization by tissues
BDecreased blood cholesterol level
CIncreased hepatic gluconeogenesis
DIncreased lipolysis in adipose tissues
EIncreased hepatic glycogenolysis
A 55-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis is admitted to the hospital for routine evaluation before liver transplantation. The physician asks the patient to stop eating 10 hours before surgery. Which of the following structures contributes directly to preventing fasting hypoglycemia by producing glucose in this patient?
AAdrenal cortex
BSkeletal muscle
CRed blood cells
DSkin
EIntestine
A 33-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 26 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a routine prenatal examination. Her pregnancy has been uneventful. Physical examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 26-week gestation. She is given an oral 50-g glucose load; 1 hour later, her serum glucose concentration is 116 mg/dL. Which of the following most likely occurred immediately after the entrance of glucose into the patient's pancreatic beta-cells?
AClosure of membranous potassium channels
BGeneration of adenosine triphosphate
CIncreased expression of hexokinase I mRNA
DExocytosis of insulin granules
EDepolarization of beta-cell membrane
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