A 60-year-old woman with a history of emphysema has been referred by her pulmonologist for follow-up pulmonary function testing. During the test, the patient reaches a point where her airway pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Which of the following is most likely to be found during this respiratory state?
APulmonary vascular resistance is at a maximum
BTransmural pressure of the lung-chest wall system is at a maximum
CTransmural pressure of the chest wall is at a minimum
DPulmonary vascular resistance is at a minimum
ETransmural pressure of the lung-chest wall system is at a minimum
Which of the following physiologic changes decreases pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?
AInhaling the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
BExhaling the entire vital capacity (VC)
CExhaling the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
DBreath holding maneuver at functional residual capacity (FRC)
EInhaling the entire vital capacity (VC)
A 65-year-old male presents to your office complaining of worsening shortness of breath. He has experienced shortness of breath on and off for several years, but is noticing that it is increasingly more difficult. Upon examination, you note wheezing and cyanosis. You conduct pulmonary function tests, and find that the patient's FEV1/FVC ratio is markedly decreased. What is the most likely additional finding in this patient?
ADecreased serum bicarbonate
BIncreased IgE
CIncreased erythropoietin
DPleural effusion
ENasal polyps
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