An 85-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of shortness of breath. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), pulse is 100/min, respirations are 30/min, and blood pressure is 138/75 mm Hg. Pulmonary function testing shows decreased tidal volume and normal lung compliance. Which of the following is the most likely underlying etiology of this patient's tachypnea?
ADiabetic ketoacidosis
BRib fracture
CPulmonary edema
DEmphysema exacerbation
ETension pneumothorax
A 28-year-old patient presents to the hospital complaining of progressively worsening dyspnea and a dry cough. Radiographic imaging is shown below. Pulmonary function testing (PFT's) reveals a decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, but an increased TLC. The patient states that he does not smoke. Which of the following conditions is most consistent with the patient's symptoms?
AHypersensitivity pneumonitis
BChronic bronchitis
CAlpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
DPneumothorax
EAsthma
A 63-year-old man with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after his daughter found him unresponsive. Despite appropriate care, the patient dies. At autopsy, examination of the lungs shows enlargement of the airspaces in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. Enzymatic activity of which of the following cells is the most likely cause of these findings?
AAlveolar macrophages
BCiliated bronchiolar epithelial cells
CElastic fibers in alveolar septa
DType I pneumocytes
EAlveolar septal cells
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters