A 25-year-old female presents to the emergency room with a heart rate of 32 BPM and a blood pressure of 80/40. She was found by emergency medical services with an empty bottle of propranolol that was taken from her grandmother. Her vital signs do not improve despite IV fluids and oxygen. Which of the following is a first line treatment for overdose?
AHemodialysis
BAdenosine
CAtropine
DVagal maneuvers
EGlucagon
A 38-year-old man presents with sudden onset abdominal pain and undergoes an emergent laparoscopic appendectomy. The procedure is performed quickly, without any complications, and the patient is transferred to the post-operative care unit. A little while later, the patient complains of seeing people in his room and hearing voices talking to him. The patient has no prior medical or psychiatric history and does not take any regular medications. What is the mechanism of action of the anesthetic most likely responsible for this patient’s symptoms?
AStimulation of μ-opioid receptors
BN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism
CIncreased duration of GABA-gated chloride channel opening
DBlocking the fast voltage-gated Na+ channels
EIncreased frequency of GABA-gated chloride channel opening
A 44-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after he was the unrestrained driver in a motor vehicle accident. His wife notes that the patient’s only past medical history is recent development of severe episodes of headache accompanied by sweating and palpitations. She says that these episodes were diagnosed as atypical panic attacks by the patient’s primary care provider, and the patient was started on sertraline and alprazolam. In the trauma bay, the patient’s temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 81/56 mmHg, pulse is 127/min, and respirations are 14/min. He has a Glascow Coma Score (GCS) of 10. He is extremely tender to palpation in the abdomen with rebound and guarding. His skin is cool and clammy, and he has thready peripheral pulses. The patient's Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) exam reveals bleeding in the perisplenic space, and he is taken for emergency laparotomy. He is found to have a ruptured spleen, and his spleen is removed. During manipulation of the bowel, the patient’s temperature is 97.8°F (36.6°C), blood pressure is 246/124 mmHg, and pulse is 104/min. The patient is administered intravenous labetalol, but his blood pressure continues to worsen. The patient dies during the surgery. Which of the following medications would most likely have prevented this outcome?
ALorazepam
BPropylthiouracil
CPhenoxybenzamine
DDantrolene
EPhentolamine
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