A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of numbness and burning sensation of his legs for the past week. He also complains that his stools have been larger and rougher than usual. He has non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is currently receiving chemotherapy with prednisone, vincristine, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. He has received 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and his last chemotherapy cycle was 2 weeks ago. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 89/min, and blood pressure is 122/80 mm Hg. Examination shows decreased muscle strength in the distal muscles of the lower extremities. Ankle jerk is 1+ bilaterally and knee reflex is 2+ bilaterally. Sensation to pain, vibration, and position is decreased over the lower extremities. Serum concentrations of glucose, creatinine, electrolytes, and calcium are within the reference range. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
AParaneoplastic autoantibodies
BGuillain-Barré syndrome
CAdverse effect of vincristine
DCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease
ESpinal cord compression
A 60-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of nausea over the past week. During this period, he has also had several episodes of non-bloody vomiting. Last month, he was diagnosed with stage II Hodgkin lymphoma and was started on adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 95/min, and blood pressure is 105/70 mm Hg. Physical examination shows cervical lymphadenopathy. The liver is palpated 1 to 2 cm below the right costal margin, and the spleen is palpated 2 to 3 cm below the left costal margin. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. The patient is started on an appropriate medication. Two weeks later, he develops headaches and states that his last bowel movement was 4 days ago. The patient was most likely treated with which of the following medications?
A5-HT3 antagonist
BCannabinoid receptor agonist
CH1 antagonist
DMuscarinic antagonist
ED2 antagonist
A 67-year-old woman with advanced bladder cancer comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She is currently undergoing chemotherapy with an agent that forms cross-links between DNA strands. Serum studies show a creatinine concentration of 2.1 mg/dL and a blood urea nitrogen concentration of 30 mg/dL. Urine dipstick of a clean-catch midstream specimen shows 2+ protein and 1+ glucose. Prior to initiation of chemotherapy, her laboratory values were within the reference range. In addition to hydration, administration of which of the following would most likely have prevented this patient's current condition?
ALeucovorin
BAmifostine
CAprepitant
DMesna
ERasburicase
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