A previously healthy 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 3-day history of progressive rash. The rash started on his face and now involves the entire body. For the past week, he has had a cough and a runny nose. He is visiting from the Philippines with his family. He is in first grade and spends his afternoons at an after-school child care program. Immunization records are not available. His temperature is 39.5°C (103°F), pulse is 115/min, and blood pressure is 105/66 mm Hg. Examination shows generalized lymphadenopathy. There is an erythematous maculopapular, blanching, and partially confluent exanthem on his entire body. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?
AMonospot test
BMeasles-specific IgM antibodies
CTzanck smear
DRapid antigen detection testing
ERapid plasma reagin
A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a headache, fevers with chills, rigors, and generalized joint pain for the past week. She also complains of a progressive rash on her left arm. She says that a few days ago she noticed a small, slightly raised lesion resembling an insect bite mark, which had a burning sensation. The medical and surgical histories are unremarkable. She recalls walking in the woods 2 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms, but does not recall finding a tick on her body. On examination, the temperature is 40.2°C (104.4°F). A circular red rash measuring 10 cm x 5 cm in diameter is noted on the left arm, as shown in the accompanying image. The remainder of her physical examination is unremarkable. The tick causing her disease is also responsible for the transmission of which of the following pathogens?
ARickettsia rickettsii
BBabesia microti
CRickettsia typhi
DEhrlichia
EPlasmodium vivax
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother with fever and a rash. The patient’s mother says his symptoms started 1 week ago with the acute onset of fever and a runny nose, which resolved over the next 3 days. Then, 4 days later, she noted a rash on his face, which, after a day, spread to his neck, torso, and extremities. The patient denies any pruritus or pain associated with the rash. No recent history of sore throat, chills, or upper respiratory infection. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications. The vital signs include: temperature 37.2°C (99.9°F) and pulse 88/min. On physical examination, there is a maculopapular rash on his face, torso, and extremities, which spares the palms and soles. The appearance of the rash is shown in the exhibit (see image below). Which of the following would most likely confirm the diagnosis in this patient?
AAssay for IgM and IgG against measles virus
BSerology for human herpesvirus-6 IgM antibodies
CThroat culture
DELISA for parvovirus B-19 IgM and IgG antibodies
EELISA for IgM antibodies against Rubella virus
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