A 63-year-old man presents with a 2-month history of increasing sensation of fullness involving his left flank. The patient reports recent episodes of constant pain. The patient is hypertensive (145/90 mm Hg) and is currently on medications including losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. His past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. He is a 30-pack-year smoker. His temperature is 37.7°C (99.9°F); pulse, 76/min; and respiratory rate, 14/min. Palpation of the left flank shows a 10 x 10-cm mass. The patient's laboratory parameters are as follows: Blood Hemoglobin 19.5 g/dL Leukocyte count 5,000/mm3 Platelet count 250,000/mm3 Urine Blood 2+ Protein negative RBC 45/hpf without dysmorphic features Abdominal CT scan confirms the presence of a large solid mass originating in the left kidney. These findings are most consistent with which of the following conditions?
AWilms tumor
BTransitional cell carcinoma
CAdenoma
DRenal cell carcinoma
EAngiomyolipoma
A 69-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of blood in the urine and fatigue. He also has had a 5.0-kg (11-lb) weight loss during the past month. Physical examination shows pallor and cachexia. A nontender right flank mass is palpated. A CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis shows a 5-cm right upper pole renal mass and several pulmonary lesions. A biopsy specimen of an affected area of the lung is obtained. A photomicrograph of the biopsy specimen is shown. Molecular evaluation of the specimen is most likely to show which of the following genetic changes?
ANF1 gene inactivation
BTSC1 gene insertion
CWT1 gene deletion
DPKD1 gene mutation
EVHL gene deletion
A laboratory physician investigates the chromosomes of a fetus with a suspected chromosomal anomaly. She processes a cell culture obtained by amniocentesis. Prior to staining and microscopic examination of the fetal chromosomes, a drug that blocks cell division is added to the cell culture. In order to arrest chromosomes in metaphase, the physician most likely added a drug that is also used for the treatment of which of the following conditions?
ATrichomonas vaginitis
BTesticular cancer
CHerpes zoster
DPolycythemia vera
EAcute gouty arthritis
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