A 60-year-old man who is a chronic smoker comes to the hospital with the chief complaint of shortness of breath which has worsened over the past 2 days. He also has a productive cough with yellowish sputum. There is no history of hemoptysis, chest pain, fever, palpitations, or leg swelling. He had a viral illness one week ago. He has been using an inhaler for 10 years for his respiratory disease. He sleeps with 2 pillows every night. He received 100 mg of hydrocortisone and antibiotics in the emergency department, and his symptoms have subsided. His FEV1/FVC ratio is < 0.70, and FEV1 is 40% of predicted. What is the most likely finding that can be discovered from the histology of his bronchi?
AIncrease Reid index
BCurschmann spirals
CNon-caseating granuloma
DFerruginous bodies
ECharcot-Leyden crystals
A 28-year-old patient presents to the hospital complaining of progressively worsening dyspnea and a dry cough. Radiographic imaging is shown below. Pulmonary function testing (PFT's) reveals a decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, but an increased TLC. The patient states that he does not smoke. Which of the following conditions is most consistent with the patient's symptoms?
AHypersensitivity pneumonitis
BChronic bronchitis
CAlpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
DPneumothorax
EAsthma
A 63-year-old man with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after his daughter found him unresponsive. Despite appropriate care, the patient dies. At autopsy, examination of the lungs shows enlargement of the airspaces in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. Enzymatic activity of which of the following cells is the most likely cause of these findings?
AAlveolar macrophages
BCiliated bronchiolar epithelial cells
CElastic fibers in alveolar septa
DType I pneumocytes
EAlveolar septal cells
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters