A 58-year-old woman presents to a physician with a painless swelling behind her right ear, which she noticed 1 month ago. She has no other complaint nor does she have any specific medical condition. On physical examination, her vital signs are stable. An examination of the right post-auricular area shows enlarged lymph nodes, which are non-tender and rubbery in consistency, with normal overlying skin. A detailed general examination reveals the presence of one enlarged axillary lymph node on the left side with similar features. Complete blood counts are within normal limits but atypical lymphocytes are present on the peripheral blood smear. The patient’s serum lactate dehydrogenase level is slightly elevated. Excisional biopsy of the lymph node is performed and histopathological examination of the tissue yields a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma. Further cytogenetic studies reveal that the condition is associated with overexpression of the BCL-2 gene. Which of the following cytogenetic abnormalities is most likely to be present?
At(3;14)(q27;q32)
Bt(11;18)(q21;q21)
Ct(8;14)(q24;q32)
Dt(11;14)(q13;q32)
Et(14;18)(q32;q21)
Researchers are investigating the mechanism of cell apoptosis and host defense in mice. They have observed that mice with certain gene deletions are not able to fight the induced viral infection. They identify a cell that is able to destroy target cells infected with viruses by exocytosis of granule contents, which induces the activation of caspases. Which type of cell is responsible for this process?
ACD8+ lymphocytes
BCD4+ lymphocytes
CMacrophages
DNeutrophils
EEosinophils
A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a breast lump she noticed 2 days ago while showering. She has no history of major illness. Her mother died of ovarian cancer at age 38, and her sister was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 33. Examination shows a 1.5-cm, nontender, mobile mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Mammography shows pleomorphic calcifications. Biopsy of the mass shows invasive ductal carcinoma. The underlying cause of this patient's condition is most likely a mutation of a gene involved in which of the following cellular events?
ARepair of double-stranded DNA breaks
BInhibition of programmed cell death
CRegulation of intercellular adhesion
DActivity of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase
EArrest of cell cycle in G1 phase
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