A 23-year-old college senior visits the university health clinic after vomiting large amounts of blood. He has been vomiting for the past 36 hours after celebrating his team’s win at the national hockey championship with his varsity friends while consuming copious amounts of alcohol. His personal medical history is unremarkable. His blood pressure is 129/89 mm Hg while supine and 100/70 mm Hg while standing. His pulse is 98/min, strong and regular, with an oxygen saturation of 98%. His body temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), while the rest of the physical exam is normal. Which of the following is associated with this patient’s condition?
AEsophageal tear
BPortal hypertension
CEsophageal metaplasia
DEsophageal varices
EEsophageal perforation
A 62-year-old man is referred to a gastroenterologist because of difficulty swallowing for the past 5 months. He has difficulty swallowing both solid and liquid foods, but there is no associated pain. He denies any shortness of breath or swelling in his legs. He immigrated from South America 10 years ago. He is a non-smoker and does not drink alcohol. His physical examination is unremarkable. A barium swallow study was ordered and the result is given below. Esophageal manometry confirms the diagnosis. What is the most likely underlying cause of this patient’s condition?
APharyngoesophageal diverticulum
BChagas disease
CEsophageal rupture
DGastroesophageal reflux disease
ESquamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department after numerous episodes of vomiting. The patient states that he thinks he ‘ate something weird’ and has been vomiting for the past 48 hours. He says that he came to the hospital because the last few times he "threw up blood". He is hypotensive with a blood pressure of 90/55 mm Hg and a pulse of 120/min. After opening an intravenous line, a physical examination is performed which is normal except for mild epigastric tenderness. An immediate endoscopy is performed and a tear involving the mucosa and submucosa of the gastroesophageal junction is visualized. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
AMallory-Weiss tear
BHiatal hernia
CEsophageal varices
DBoerhaave syndrome
EGastric ulcer
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