A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of right leg pain. The pain is worse while walking and improves when resting. Eight months ago, she was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism and was started on warfarin. Anticoagulant therapy was discontinued two months ago. Her mother had systemic lupus erythematosus. On examination, her right calf is diffusely erythematous, swollen, and tender. Cardiopulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. On duplex ultrasonography, the right popliteal vein is not compressible. Laboratory studies show an elevated serum level of D-dimer and insensitivity to activated protein C. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following?
ADeficiency of protein C
BProtein S deficiency
CElevated coagulation factor VIII levels
DMutation of coagulation factor V
EMutation of prothrombin
A 48-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of sudden right flank pain that began 3 hours ago. He also noticed blood in his urine. Over the past two weeks, he has developed progressive lower extremity swelling and a 4-kg (9-lb) weight gain. Examination shows bilateral 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. Urinalysis with dipstick shows 4+ protein, positive glucose, and multiple red cell and fatty casts. Abdominal CT shows a large right kidney with abundant collateral vessels and a filling defect in the right renal vein. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's symptoms?
AFactor V Leiden
BMalignant erythropoietin production
CAntiphospholipid antibodies
DIncreased lipoprotein synthesis
ELoss of antithrombin III
A 23-year-old woman with no significant past medical history currently on oral contraceptive pills presents to the emergency department with pleuritic chest pain. She states that it started today. Yesterday she had a trip and returned via plane. Her temperature is 98°F (36.7°C), blood pressure is 117/66 mmHg, pulse is 105/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam reveals tachycardia, a normal S1 and S2, and clear breath sounds. The patient’s lower extremities are non-tender and symmetric. Chest pain is not reproducible with position changes or palpation but is worsened with deep breaths. Which of the following is the most appropriate next test for this patient?
AD-dimer
BUltrasound of the lower extremities
CVentilation-perfusion scan
DCT angiogram
EChest radiograph
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