An 87-year-old woman is admitted to the intensive care unit after a neighbor found her lying on the floor at her home. Her respirations are 13/min and shallow. Despite appropriate therapy, the patient dies. Gross examination of the brain at autopsy shows neovascularization and liquefactive necrosis without cavitation in the distribution of the left middle cerebral artery. Histological examination of a brain tissue sample from the left temporal lobe shows proliferation of neural cells that stain positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Based on these findings, approximately how much time has most likely passed since the initial injury in this patient?
A2 days
B2 hours
C10 days
D25 days
E12 hours
A 72-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance because she was unable to walk. She says that she cut her leg while falling about a week ago. Since then, the wound has started draining fluid and become progressively more painful. She is found to have necrotizing fasciitis and is taken emergently to the operating room. Histological examination of cells along the fascial planes reveal cells undergoing necrosis. Which of the following represents the earliest sign that a cell has progressed to irreversible damage in this patient?
AFragmentation of the nucleus
BMembrane blebbing from organelles
CChromatin dissolution and disappearance
DRibosomal detachment from the endoplasmic reticulum
ECondensation of DNA into a basophilic mass
A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency room with an acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-four hours after admission to the cardiac intensive care unit, he develops oliguria. Laboratory tests show that his serum BUN is 59 mg/dL and his serum creatinine is 6.2 mg/dL. Renal biopsy reveals necrosis of the proximal tubules and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Which of the following would you most likely observe on a microscopic examination of this patient's urine?
AWhite blood cell casts
BBroad waxy casts
CFatty casts
DHyaline casts
EMuddy brown casts
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters