A scientist is studying the anatomy and function of bone growth. He is able to create a cell line of osteocytes with a mutation that prevents the osteocytes from exchanging nutrients and waste products within neighboring lamellae. This mutation most likely affected which of the following cell structures?
ADynein
BGap junctions
CEndoplasmic reticulum
DPlasma membrane
EKinesin
A healthy 34-year-old woman comes to the physician for advice on UV protection. She works as an archaeologist and is required to work outside for extended periods of time. She is concerned about premature skin aging. The physician recommends sun-protective clothing and sunscreen. In order to protect effectively against photoaging, the sunscreen should contain which of the following active ingredients?
AZinc oxide
BVitamin E
CPara-aminobenzoic acid
DTrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
ETrolamine salicylate
A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle accident. He was an unrestrained passenger who was ejected from the vehicle. On presentation, he is found to be actively bleeding from numerous wounds. His blood pressure is 76/42 mmHg and pulse is 152/min. Attempts at resuscitation fail, and he dies 25 minutes later. Autopsy shows blood in the peritoneal cavity, and histology of the kidney reveals swelling of the proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells. Which of the following is most likely the mechanism underlying the renal cell findings?
ADecreased activity of caspase 7
BIncreased activity of caspase 9
CIncreased function of the Na+/K+-ATPase
DIncreased activity of caspase 8
EDecreased function of the Na+/K+-ATPase
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