A 58-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with complaints of chest pain and palpitations. A thorough past medical history reveals a diagnosis of rheumatic fever during childhood. Echocardiography is conducted and shows enlargement of the left atrium and narrowing of the mitral valve opening. Which of the following should the physician expect to hear on cardiac auscultation?
AContinuous, machine-like murmur
BHolosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla
COpening snap following S2
DHigh-pitched, blowing decrescendo murmur in early diastole
EMid-systolic click
A 31-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of fever, chills, and dyspnea. His temperature is 38.9°C (102°F) and pulse is 90/min. Cardiac examination shows a murmur. In addition to other measures, cardiac catheterization is performed. A graph showing the results of the catheterization is shown. This patient most likely has which of the following valvular heart defects?
AMitral regurgitation
BAortic regurgitation
CMitral stenosis
DPulmonary regurgitation
EAortic stenosis
A 2-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for a well-child examination. Cardiac auscultation is shown. When she clenches her fist forcefully for a sustained time, the intensity of the murmur increases. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's auscultation findings?
AFailure of the ductus arteriosus to close
BDefect in the atrial septum
CFusion of the right and left coronary leaflets
DProlapse of the mitral valve
EDefect in the ventricular septum
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