You are counseling a pregnant woman who plans to breast-feed exclusively regarding her newborn's nutritional requirements. The child was born at home and the mother only plans for her newborn to receive vaccinations but no other routine medical care. Which vitamins should be given to the newborn?
AVitamin B6
BVitamin K and Vitamin D
CVitamin K
DFolic acid
EVitamin D
A 24-year-old woman visits her physician to seek preconception advice. She is recently married and plans to have a child soon. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 5 days. She has sexual intercourse only with her husband and, at this time, they consistently use condoms for birth control. The patient consumes a well-balanced diet with moderate intake of meat and dairy products. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications currently. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. The patient’s history reveals no birth defects or severe genetic abnormalities in the family. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Pelvic examination indicates a normal vagina, cervix, uterus, and adnexa. To decrease the likelihood of fetal neural-tube defects in her future pregnancy, which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for initiation of folic acid supplementation?
AAs soon as her pregnancy is confirmed
BNo folic acid supplement is required as nutritional sources are adequate
CAs soon as possible
DWhen off contraception
EIn the second half of pregnancy
A 28-year-old female in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is diagnosed with primary Toxoplasma gondii infection. Her physician fears that the fetus may be infected in utero. Which of the following are associated with T. gondii infection in neonates?
AHutchinson’s teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla
BDeafness, seizures, petechial rash
CHydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications
DPatent ductus arteriosus, cataracts, deafness
ETemporal encephalitis, vesicular lesions
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