A 26-year-old primigravid woman at 39 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. Pregnancy was complicated by mild oligohydramnios detected a week ago, which was managed with hydration. Her pulse is 92/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 134/76 mm Hg. Pelvic examination shows 100% cervical effacement and 10 cm cervical dilation; the vertex is at 0 station. Cardiotocography is shown. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
AMaternal repositioning and oxygen administration
BEmergent cesarean section
CElevation of the fetal head
DReassurance
ERapid amnioinfusion
A mother brings her 3-day-old son to the pediatrician with a concern over drops of a clear yellow discharge from the clamped umbilical cord. These drops have formed every few hours every day. The vital signs are within normal limits and a cursory physical shows no abnormalities. On closer examination, the discharge is shown to be urine. The skin around the umbilical cord appears healthy and healing. The umbilical cord is appropriately discolored. An ultrasound shows a fistula tract that connects the urinary bladder and umbilicus. Which of the following structures failed to form in this patient?
ARound ligament of the liver
BLateral umbilical ligament
CMedian umbilical ligament
DFalciform ligament
EMedial umbilical ligament
A 30-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 40 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. Pregnancy was complicated by iron deficiency anemia treated with iron supplements. At the beginning of the first stage of labor, there are coordinated, regular, rhythmic contractions of high intensity that occur approximately every 10 minutes. Four hours later, the cervix is 100% effaced and 10 cm dilated; the vertex is at -1 station. Over the next two hours, there is minimal change in fetal descent; vertex is still at -1 station. Fetal birth weight is estimated at the 75th percentile. The fetal heart rate is 145/min and is reactive with no decelerations. Contractions occurs approximately every 2 minutes with adequate pressure. Epidural anesthesia was not given, as the patient is coping well with pain. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
ACesarean section
BObservation for another hour
CEpidural anesthesia
DVacuum-assisted delivery
EAdministration of terbutaline
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