A 3-month old male infant with HIV infection is brought to the physician for evaluation. The physician recommends monthly intramuscular injections of a monoclonal antibody to protect against a particular infection. The causal pathogen for this infection is most likely transmitted by which of the following routes?
AFecal-oral route
BSkin inoculation
CAerosol inhalation
DBlood transfusion
EBreast feeding
The surgical equipment used during a craniectomy is sterilized using pressurized steam at 121°C for 15 minutes. Reuse of these instruments can cause transmission of which of the following pathogens?
ANon-enveloped viruses
BSporulating bacteria
CPrions
DEnveloped viruses
EYeasts
An 18-year-old female college student is brought to the emergency department by ambulance for a headache and altered mental status. The patient lives with her boyfriend who is with her currently. He states she had not been feeling well for the past day and has vomited several times in the past 12 hours. Lumbar puncture is performed in the emergency room and demonstrates an increased cell count with a neutrophil predominance and gram-negative diplococci on Gram stain. The patient is started on vancomycin and ceftriaxone. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
ATreat boyfriend with rifampin
BAdd ampicillin to treatment regimen
CAdd ampicillin, dexamethasone, and rifampin to treatment regimen
DAdd dexamethasone to treatment regimen
ETreat boyfriend with ceftriaxone and vancomycin
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