A 16-year-old male with no significant past medical, surgical, or family history presents to his pediatrician with new symptoms following a recent camping trip. He notes that he went with a group of friends and 1 other group member is experiencing similar symptoms. Over the past 5 days, he endorses significant flatulence, nausea, and greasy, foul-smelling diarrhea. He denies tenesmus, urgency, and bloody diarrhea. The blood pressure is 118/74 mm Hg, heart rate is 88/min, respiratory rate is 14/min, and temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F). Physical examination is notable for mild, diffuse abdominal tenderness. He has no blood in the rectal vault. What is the patient most likely to report about his camping activities?
AThe patient camped as a side excursion from a cruise ship.
BThe patient camped in Mexico.
CThis has been going on for months.
DRecent antibiotic prescription
ECollecting water from a stream, without boiling or chemical treatment
An 18-year-old female returning from a trip to a developing country presents with diarrhea and pain in the abdominal region. Microscopic evaluation of the stool reveals the presence of RBC's and WBC's. The patient reports poor sewage sanitation in the region she visited. The physician suspects a bacterial infection and culture reveals Gram-negative rods that are non-lactose fermenting. The A subunit of the bacteria's toxin acts to:
AInhibit exocytosis of ACh from synaptic terminals
BLyse red blood cells
CPrevent phagocytosis
DAct as an N-glycosidase on 28S rRNA of the 60S ribosome
EADP-ribosylate the Gs protein
A 10-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Four days ago, she visited a petting zoo with her family. Her temperature is 39.4°C (102.9°F). Abdominal examination shows tenderness to palpation of the right lower quadrant. Stool cultures at 42°C grow colonies that turn black after adding phenylenediamine. Which of the following best describes the most likely causal organism?
AGram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that form spores
BGram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that produce catalase
CGram-negative, non-flagellated bacteria that do not ferment lactose
DGram-negative, flagellated bacteria that do not ferment lactose
EGram-negative, non-flagellated bacteria that ferment lactose
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