A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of a dry cough. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. Physical examination shows mild conjunctival hyperemia. Chest auscultation shows fine crackles in both lung fields. Laboratory studies show a total calcium concentration of 10.8 mg/dL. The results of spirometry are shown (dashed loop shows normal for comparison). Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show an increase in which of the following?
AMast cell tryptase activity
BMonoclonal IgG titers
CAngiotensin-converting enzyme activity
DCold agglutinin titers
ENeutrophil elastase activity
A 10-year-old child presents to your office with a chronic cough. His mother states that he has had a cough for the past two weeks that is non-productive along with low fevers of 100.5 F as measured by an oral thermometer. The mother denies any other medical history and states that he has been around one other friend who also has had this cough for many weeks. The patient's vitals are within normal limits with the exception of his temperature of 100.7 F. His chest radiograph demonstrated diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Which organism is most likely causing his pneumonia?
AMycoplasma pneumoniae
BStreptococcus agalactiae
CStaphylococcus aureus
DPneumocystis jiroveci
EStreptococcus pneumoniae
A 51-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever and cough productive of foul-smelling, dark red, gelatinous sputum. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years and drinks two 12-oz bottles of beer daily. An x-ray of the chest shows a cavity with air-fluid levels in the right lower lobe. Sputum culture grows gram-negative rods. Which of the following virulence factors is most likely involved in the pathogenesis of this patient's condition?
AIgA protease
BExotoxin A
CCapsular polysaccharide
DP-fimbriae
EHeat-stable toxin
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