A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. The patient was at a lunch hosted by his employer. He started to feel his symptoms begin when he started playing football outside with a few of the other employees. The patient has a past medical history of atopic dermatitis and asthma. His temperature is 98.3°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 87/58 mmHg, pulse is 150/min, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 85% on room air. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
AAlbuterol and prednisone
BIV epinephrine
CIV fluids and 100% oxygen
DAlbuterol and norepinephrine
EIM epinephrine
A 55-year-old man with a history of fatigue and exertional dyspnea presents to the urgent care clinic following an acute upper respiratory illness. On physical examination, his pulses are bounding, his complexion is very pale, and scleral icterus is apparent. The spleen is moderately enlarged. Oxygen saturation is 79% at rest, with a new oxygen requirement of 9 L by a non-rebreather mask. Laboratory analysis results show a hemoglobin level of 6.8 g/dL. Of the following options, which hypersensitivity reaction does this condition represent?
AType III–immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
BType I–anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction
CType IV–cell-mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
DType II–cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
EType II and III–mixed cytotoxic and immune complex hypersensitivity reaction
A 51-year-old man presents to the clinic with a history of hematuria and hemoptysis following pneumonia several weeks ago. He works as a hotel bellhop. His medical history is significant for gout, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus type II, and mild intellectual disability. He currently smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day and denies any alcohol use or any illicit drug use. His vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood pressure 126/74 mm Hg, heart rate 87/min, and respiratory rate 23/min. Physical examination shows minimal bibasilar rales, but otherwise clear lungs on auscultation, grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur, and benign abdominal findings. Pulmonary function tests demonstrate a restrictive pattern and a current chest radiograph shows bibasilar alveolar infiltrates. Clinical pathology analysis reveals antiglomerular basement membrane antibody, and his renal biopsy shows a linear immunofluorescence pattern. Of the following options, which type of hypersensitivity reaction underlies this patient’s diagnosis?
AType I and IV–mixed anaphylactic and cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
BType IV–cell-mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
CType I–anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction
DType III–immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
EType II–cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
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