A 40-year-old male with a history of chronic alcoholism recently received a liver transplant. Two weeks following the transplant, the patient presents with a skin rash and frequent episodes of bloody diarrhea. A colonoscopy is performed and biopsy reveals apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. What is most likely mediating these symptoms?
ADonor T-cells
BRecipient T-cells
CRecipient B-cells
DRecipient antibodies
EDonor B-cells
A 50-year-old man presents to a clinic with oliguria. Four weeks ago, he had a kidney transplant. Postoperative follow-up was normal. He is currently on cyclosporine and admits that sometimes he forgets to take his medication. On physical examination, the vital signs include: temperature 37.1°C (98.8°F), blood pressure 165/110 mm Hg, heart rate 80/min, and respiratory rate 16/min. There is mild tenderness on renal palpation. His serum creatinine level is 4 mg/dL, well above his baseline level after the transplant. Which of the following best describes the histological finding if a biopsy is taken from the transplanted kidney?
ALymphocytic infiltration of graft vessels and endothelial damage
BThrombosis and occlusion of vessels
CAtherosclerosis on angiography
DNecrosis with granulation tissue
EThickening of blood vessels, fibrosis of graft vessels, and parenchymal atrophy
A 61-year-old-male underwent deceased donor liver transplantation 3 weeks ago. During his follow up visit he complains of nausea and abdominal pain. He has been taking all of his medications as prescribed. He has a history of alcohol abuse and his last drink was one year ago. He does not smoke cigarettes and lives at home with his wife. On physical examination temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 115/80 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 18/min, and pulse oximetry is 99% on room air. He has scleral icterus and a positive fluid wave. Liver function tests are as follows: Alkaline phosphatase: 110 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT): 100 U/L Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT): 120 U/L Bilirubin total: 2.2 mg/dL Liver biopsy shows mixed dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates in the portal triad. What is the mechanism of this reaction?
AGrafted T lymphocytes reacting against host
BCD4+ T lymphocytes reacting against recipient APCs
CCD8+ T lymphocytes reacting against donor MHCs
DAcute viral infection
EPre-existing recipient antibodies
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