A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. His temperature is 39.3°C (102.7°F). Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine studies show numerous bacteria and WBC casts. Urine culture on blood agar grows mucoid, gray-white colonies. Urine culture on eosin methylene blue agar grows purple colonies with no metallic green sheen. Which of the following is the most likely causal pathogen?
AEscherichia coli
BKlebsiella pneumoniae
CPseudomonas aeruginosa
DProteus mirabilis
EStaphylococcus saprophyticus
A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency room because of a 3-day history of fever and shaking chills. Her temperature is 39.4°C (103°F). Examination of the back shows right costovertebral angle tenderness. Analysis of the urine shows WBCs, WBC casts, and gram-negative rods. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys shows no signs of obstruction. Biopsy of the patient's kidney is most likely to show which of the following?
APolygonal clear cells filled with lipids and carbohydrates
BPolymorphonuclear leukocytes in tubules
CTubular eosinophilic casts
DWidespread granulomatous tissue and foamy macrophages
ECystic dilation of the renal medulla
A 76-year-old woman presents to the primary care physician for a regular check-up. History reveals that she has had episodes of mild urinary incontinence over the past 2 years precipitated by sneezing or laughing. However, over the past week, her urinary incontinence has occurred during regular activities. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, heart rate is 86/min, respiratory rate is 22/min, and temperature is 37.7°C (99.9°F). Physical examination is remarkable for suprapubic tenderness. Urinalysis reveals 15 WBCs/HPF, positive nitrites, and positive leukocyte esterase. Which of the following is the best next step for this patient?
APelvic floor muscle training
BUltrasound scan of the kidneys, urinary tract, and bladder
CCystoscopy
DUrine culture
EStart empirical antibiotic therapy
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