A 23-year-old man complains of lower back pain that began approximately 6 months ago. He is unsure why he is experiencing this pain and notices that this pain is worse in the morning after waking up and improves with physical activity. Ibuprofen provides significant relief. He denies bowel and bladder incontinence or erectile dysfunction. Physical exam is notable for decreased chest expansion, decreased spinal range of motion, 5/5 strength in both lower extremities, 2+ patellar reflexes bilaterally, and an absence of saddle anesthesia. Which of the following is the most appropriate next test for this patient?
AHLA-B27
BSlit-lamp examination
CMRI sacroiliac joint
DRadiograph sacroiliac joint
EESR
A 32-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has a 2-month history of increasing generalized fatigue and severe pruritus. He has hypertension and ulcerative colitis which was diagnosed via colonoscopy 5 years ago. Current medications include lisinopril and rectal mesalamine. He is sexually active with 2 female partners and uses condoms inconsistently. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 86/min, and blood pressure is 130/84 mm Hg. Examination shows scleral icterus and multiple scratch marks on the trunk and extremities. The lungs are clear to auscultation. The abdomen is soft and nontender. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 11.5 g/dL Leukocyte count 7500/mm3 Platelet count 280,000/mm3 Serum Na+ 138 mEq/L Cl- 101 mEq/L K+ 4.7 mEq/L Urea nitrogen 18 mg/dL Glucose 91 mg/dL Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL Bilirubin Total 1.5 mg/dL Direct 0.9 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase 460 U/L AST 75 U/L ALT 78 U/L Anti-nuclear antibody negative Antimitochondrial antibodies negative Abdominal ultrasound shows thickening of the bile ducts and focal bile duct dilatation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
APrimary biliary cholangitis
BHepatitis B infection
CAutoimmune hepatitis
DIgG4-associated cholangitis
EPrimary sclerosing cholangitis
A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of recurrent episodes of vomiting for 1 day. He has had over 15 episodes of bilious vomiting. During this period he has had cramping abdominal pain but has not had a bowel movement or passed flatus. He does not have fever or diarrhea. He was diagnosed with Crohn disease at the age of 28 years which has been well controlled with oral mesalamine. He underwent a partial small bowel resection for midgut volvulus at birth. His other medications include vitamin B12, folic acid, loperamide, ferrous sulfate, and vitamin D3. He appears uncomfortable and his lips are parched. His temperature is 37.1°C (99.3°F), pulse is 103/min, and blood pressure is 104/70 mm Hg. The abdomen is distended, tympanitic, and tender to palpation over the periumbilical area and the right lower quadrant. Rectal examination is unremarkable. A CT scan of the abdomen shows multiple dilated loops of small bowel with a transition zone in the mid to distal ileum. After 24 hours of conservative management with IV fluid resuscitation, nasogastric bowel decompression, promethazine, and analgesia, his condition does not improve and a laparotomy is scheduled. During the laparotomy, two discrete strictures are noted in the mid-ileum, around 20 cm apart. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
ASmall bowel resection with ileostomy
BAbdominal closure and start palliative care
CSmall bowel resection and primary anastomosis
DStrictureplasty of individual strictures
EIleocolectomy
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