Cardio-renal syndromeDownloads

A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency room with an acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-four hours after admission to the cardiac intensive care unit, he develops oliguria. Laboratory tests show that his serum BUN is 59 mg/dL and his serum creatinine is 6.2 mg/dL. Renal biopsy reveals necrosis of the proximal tubules and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Which of the following would you most likely observe on a microscopic examination of this patient's urine?

A 55-year-old man presents with a bilateral lower leg edema. The patient reports it developed gradually over the past 4 months. The edema is worse in the evening and improves after sleeping at night or napping during the day. There are no associated pain or sensitivity changes. The patient also notes dyspnea on usual exertion such as working at his garden. The patient has a history of a STEMI myocardial infarction 9 months ago treated with thrombolysis with an unremarkable postprocedural course. His current medications include atorvastatin 10 mg, aspirin 81 mg, and metoprolol 50 mg daily. He works as a barber at a barbershop, has a 16-pack-year history of smoking, and consumes alcohol in moderation. The vital signs include: blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg, heart rate 63/min, respiratory rate 14/min, and temperature 36.8℃ (98.2℉). The lungs are clear to auscultation. Cardiac examination shows dubious S3 and a soft grade 1/6 systolic murmur best heard at the apex of the heart. Abdominal examination reveals hepatic margin 1 cm below the costal margin. There is a 2+ bilateral pitting lower leg edema. The skin over the edema is pale with no signs of any lesions. There is no facial or flank edema. The thyroid gland is not enlarged. Which of the following tests is most likely to reveal the cause of the patient’s symptoms?