A 22-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of chest and epigastric pain that started just after vomiting 30 minutes ago. She does not take any medications and does not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes. While in the emergency department, the patient experiences two episodes of forceful, bloody emesis. Her temperature is 99.1°F (37.3°C), pulse is 110/minute, and blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dental enamel erosion and calluses on the dorsal aspect of her right hand. There is tenderness to palpation in the epigastrium. An x-ray of the chest is normal. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following findings?
ARupture of the distal esophagus
BFriable mass in the distal esophagus
CClean-based gastric ulcer
DMucosal lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction
EDilated veins in the esophageal submucosa
A 14-month-old boy has iron-deficiency anemia refractory to iron therapy. His stool is repeatedly positive for occult blood. The parents bring the child to the emergency room after they notice some blood in his stool. Which of the following is the diagnostic gold standard for this patient's most likely condition?
AColonoscopy
BTechnetium-99m pertechnetate scan
CCapsule endoscopy
DAbdominal CT with contrast
ETagged red blood cell study
A 70-year-old man comes to the clinic for generalized fatigue. He says that he is more tired than before and has difficulty catching his breath while walking upstairs. He feels tired quickly doing his usual activity such as gardening and shopping. He does not have any symptoms of fever, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or weight loss. His appetite is normal. His last colonoscopy was done 10 years ago and it was normal. His blood pressure is 116/74 and heart rate is 87/min. On physical examination, his conjunctivae are pale. A routine blood test shows iron deficiency anemia with hemoglobin of 10 gm/dL. His stool is positive for occult blood. He is then sent for a colonoscopy (image is shown). What is the most likely diagnosis for the above condition?
AColon cancer
BAngiodysplasia
CIntestinal obstruction
DHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
EDiverticulitis
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters