A 64-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of chest pain and an episode of vomiting. He also complains of ongoing nausea and heavy sweating (diaphoresis). He denies having experienced such symptoms before and is quite upset. Medical history is significant for hypertension and types 2 diabetes mellitus. He currently smokes and has smoked at least half a pack daily for the last 40 years. Vitals show a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg, pulse of 50/min, respirations of 20/min, temperature of 37.2°C (98.9°F), and oximetry is 99% before oxygen by facemask. Except for the patient being visibly distressed and diaphoretic, the examination is unremarkable. ECG findings are shown in the picture. Where is the most likely obstruction in this patient’s cardiac blood supply?
ALeft anterior descending artery
BThere is no obstruction
CLeft circumflex artery
DLeft main coronary artery
ERight coronary artery
A 73-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute substernal chest pain that began a few hours ago. The pain is described as a "pressure" that radiates to his left arm. His past medical history is significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He is on chlorthalidone for his hypertension and simvastatin for hyperlipidemia. He has a 30 pack-year history of smoking and drinks 1-2 beers on weekends. His EKG shows ST depressions in the anterior precordial leads and he is given the proper medications and sent for emergency revascularization. Seven days later, he develops dyspnea that worsens in the supine position. Bibasilar crackles are heard on pulmonary auscultation. Cardiac exam reveals a new 3/6 holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex with radiation to the axilla. What is the most likely etiology of this patient's new symptoms?
AVentricular wall aneurysm
BRestrictive pericarditis
CPapillary muscle rupture
DAortic stenosis
EArrhythmia
A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of episodic, pressure-like chest pain. The chest pain occurs when he is walking up stairs and improves with rest. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. His father died from a myocardial infarction at the age of 50 years. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide and metformin. His pulse is 85/min, respirations are 12/min, and blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Cardiac examination shows normal heart sounds without any murmurs, rubs, or gallops. An ECG shows high amplitude of the S wave in lead V3. An exercise stress test is performed but stopped after 4 minutes because the patient experiences chest pain. An ECG obtained during the stress test shows sinus tachycardia and ST-segment depressions in leads V1–V4. Which of the following is the most appropriate long-term pharmacotherapy to reduce the frequency of symptoms in this patient?
AMetoprolol
BClopidogrel
CAspirin
DNitroglycerin
EIsosorbide mononitrate
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