Recently, clarithromycin was found to have an increased risk of cardiac death in a Danish study. This study analyzed patients who were previously treated with clarithromycin or another antibiotic, and then they were followed over time to ascertain if cardiac death resulted. What type of study design does this represent?
ACross-sectional study
BRandomized controlled trial
CCase control study
DCohort study
A study is funded by the tobacco industry to examine the association between smoking and lung cancer. They design a study with a prospective cohort of 1,000 smokers between the ages of 20-30. The length of the study is five years. After the study period ends, they conclude that there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Which of the following study features is the most likely reason for the failure of the study to note an association between tobacco use and cancer?
ALate-look bias
BLatency period
CConfounding
DEffect modification
EPygmalion effect
A recent study attempted to analyze whether increased "patient satisfaction" driven healthcare resulted in increased hospitalization. Using this patient population, the sociodemographics, health status, and hospital use were assessed. Next year, patient satisfaction with health care providers was assessed using 5 items from the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey. Which of the following best describes this study design?
ARetrospective case-control
BCross-sectional study
CProspective case-control
DRetrospective cohort
EProspective cohort
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