A 61-year-old male is given acetazolamide to treat open-angle glaucoma. Upon diuresis, his urine is found to be highly alkaline. Which of the following accounts for the alkaline nature of this patient’s urine?
AInhibition of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule
BInhibition of bicarbonate reabsorption in beta-intercalated cells
CInhibition of acid secretion in alpha-intercalated cells
DInhibition of chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
EInhibition of chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle
Which region of the nephron reabsorbs the highest percentage of filtered bicarbonate?
ACollecting duct
BThick ascending limb
CDistal tubule
DProximal tubule
You are examining a 3-day-old newborn who was delivered vaginally without any complications. The newborn presents with vomiting, hyperventilation, lethargy, and seizures. Blood work demonstrates hyperammonemia, elevated glutamine levels, and decreased blood urea nitrogen. A CT scan demonstrates cerebral edema. Defects in which of the following enzymes would result in a clinical presentation similar to this infant?
ACarbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
BHomogentisate oxidase
CCystathionine synthase
DBranched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
EPhenylalanine hydroxylase
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