A researcher is studying the interactions between foreign antigens and human immune cells. She has isolated a line of lymphocytes that is known to bind antigen-presenting cells. From this cell line, she has isolated a cell surface protein that binds to class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. The continued activation, proliferation and survival of this specific cell line requires which of the following signaling molecules?
AInterleukin 1
BInterleukin 4
CInterleukin 2
DInterleukin 8
EInterleukin 6
A 22-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up evaluation for chronic lower back pain. He has back stiffness that lasts all morning and slowly improves throughout the day. He has tried multiple over-the-counter medications, including ibuprofen, without any improvement in his symptoms. Physical examination shows tenderness over the iliac crest bilaterally and limited range of motion of the lumbar spine with forward flexion. The results of HLA-B27 testing are positive. An x-ray of the lumbar spine shows fusion of the lumbar vertebrae and sacroiliac joints. The physician plans to prescribe a new medication but first orders a tuberculin skin test to assess for the risk of latent tuberculosis reactivation. Inhibition of which of the following is the most likely primary mechanism of action of this drug?
AmTOR kinase
BCalcineurin
CNF-κB
DInosine monophosphate dehydrogenase
ETNF-α
A researcher is studying the circulating factors that are released when immune cells are exposed to antigens. Specifically, she is studying a population of CD2+ cells that have been activated acutely. In order to determine which factors are secreted by these cells, she cultures the cells in media and collects the used media from these plates after several days. She then purifies a small factor from this media and uses it to stimulate various immune cell types. She finds that this factor primarily seems to increase the growth and prolong the survival of other CD2+ cells. Which of the following is most likely the factor that was purified by this researcher?
AInterleukin-2
BInterleukin-3
CInterleukin-4
DInterleukin-5
EInterleukin-1
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