A scientist is trying to design a drug to modulate cellular metabolism in the treatment of obesity. Specifically, he is interested in understanding how fats are processed in adipocytes in response to different energy states. His target is a protein within these cells that catalyzes catabolism of an energy source. The products of this reaction are subsequently used in gluconeogenesis or β-oxidation. Which of the following is true of the most likely protein that is being studied by this scientist?
AIt is stimulated by epinephrine
BIt is inhibited by glucagon
CIt is inhibited by acetylcholine
DIt is inhibited by cortisol
EIt is stimulated by insulin
A 65-year-old male prisoner goes on a hunger strike to protest the conditions of his detainment. After 5 days without food, he suffers a seizure for which he is taken into a medical facility. On physical examination, he looks pale and diaphoretic. His blood glucose level is 50 mg/dL. In order to keep a constant supply of energy to his brain, which of the following molecules is his liver releasing into the bloodstream?
AGlycogen
BGlucose-6-phosphate
Cß-hydroxybutyric acid
DFatty acids
EGlucose-1-phosphate
Certain glucose transporters that are expressed predominantly on skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes are unique compared to those transporters found on other cell types within the body. Without directly affecting glucose transport in other cell types, which of the following would be most likely to selectively increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes?
AIncreased plasma glucose concentration
BIt is physiologically impossible to selectively increase glucose uptake in specific cells
CIncreased levels of circulating insulin
DDecreased plasma glucose concentration
EDecreased levels of circulating insulin
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