A scientist is trying to design a drug to modulate cellular metabolism in the treatment of obesity. Specifically, he is interested in understanding how fats are processed in adipocytes in response to different energy states. His target is a protein within these cells that catalyzes catabolism of an energy source. The products of this reaction are subsequently used in gluconeogenesis or β-oxidation. Which of the following is true of the most likely protein that is being studied by this scientist?
AIt is stimulated by epinephrine
BIt is inhibited by glucagon
CIt is inhibited by acetylcholine
DIt is inhibited by cortisol
EIt is stimulated by insulin
A previously healthy 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of multiple nodules on his hands that first appeared a few months ago. He works as a computer game programmer. His father died of a myocardial infarction at 37 years of age, and his mother has rheumatoid arthritis. A photograph of the lesions is shown. The nodules are firm, mobile, and nontender. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism underlying this patient's skin findings?
AExtravasation of lipoproteins
BCrystallization of monosodium urate
CUncontrolled adipocyte growth
DDeposition of triglycerides
EFibrinoid necrosis
A 1-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician because of a 6-month history of diarrhea. She has not received recommended well-child examinations. Her stools are foul-smelling and nonbloody. There is no family history of serious illness. She is at the 15th percentile for height and 5th percentile for weight. Physical examination shows abdominal distension. Her serum triglyceride concentration is 5 mg/dL. Genetic analysis shows a mutation in the gene that encodes microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient's condition?
ANicotinic acid supplementation
BPancreatic enzyme replacement
CLong-term antibiotic therapy
DRestriction of long-chain fatty acids
EAvoidance of dietary gluten
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