A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his father 10 minutes after falling into a frozen lake during ice fishing. He was in the water for less than 1 minute before his father managed to pull him out. On arrival, his clothes are still wet and he appears scared. His body temperature is 36.2°C (97.1°F), pulse is 102/min, blood pressure is 133/88 mm Hg. Which of the following mechanisms contributes most to maintaining this patient's core body temperature?
AInhibition of the thyroid axis
BInvoluntary muscular contractions
CActivation of thermogenin
DIncrease in hypothalamic set point
EContraction of arrector pili muscles
A 24-year-old man presents for an annual check-up. He is a bodybuilder and tells you he is on a protein-rich diet that only allows for minimal carbohydrate intake. His friend suggests he try exogenous glucagon to help him lose some excess weight before an upcoming competition. Which of the following effects of glucagon is he attempting to exploit?
AIncreased glucose utilization by tissues
BDecreased blood cholesterol level
CIncreased hepatic gluconeogenesis
DIncreased lipolysis in adipose tissues
EIncreased hepatic glycogenolysis
A 46-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Current medications include metformin and lisinopril. He reports that he has adhered to his diet and medication regimen. His hemoglobin A1c is 8.6%. Insulin glargine is added to his medication regimen. Which of the following sets of changes is most likely to occur in response to this new medication? $$$ Glycolysis %%% Glycogenesis %%% Lipolysis %%% Gluconeogenesis $$$
A↓ ↓ ↑ ↑
B↑ ↓ ↑ ↓
C↓ ↑ ↓ ↑
D↑ ↑ ↓ ↓
E↑ ↓ ↑ ↑
+ 7 more in the PDF
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