A 28-year-old woman dies shortly after receiving a blood transfusion. Autopsy reveals widespread intravascular hemolysis and acute renal failure. Investigation reveals that she received type A blood, but her medical record indicates she was type O. In a malpractice lawsuit, which of the following elements must be proven?
ADuty, breach, causation, and damages
BOnly duty and breach
COnly breach and causation
DDuty, breach, and damages
A 43-year-old male is transferred from an outside hospital to the neurologic intensive care unit for management of a traumatic brain injury after suffering a 30-foot fall from a roof-top. He now lacks decision-making capacity but does not fulfill the criteria for brain-death. The patient does not have a living will and did not name a specific surrogate decision-maker or durable power of attorney. Which of the following would be the most appropriate person to name as a surrogate decision maker for this patient?
AThe patient's 67-year-old mother
BThe patient's 22-year-old daughter
CThe patient's girlfriend of 12 years
DThe patient's older brother
EThe patient's younger sister
A terminally ill patient with advanced cancer requests that no resuscitation be performed in the event of cardiac arrest. The patient is mentally competent and has completed advance directives. A family member later demands full resuscitation efforts. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?
AHonor the patient's DNR
BObtain court order
CFollow the family's wishes
DConsult ethics committee
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