During a surgical procedure to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm, the surgeon must be careful to avoid injury to which of the following arterial structures that originates near the level of the renal vessels?
ALeft renal artery
BCeliac trunk
CRight renal artery
DSuperior mesenteric artery
A 40-year-old man presents with severe fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and weight loss. He reports a weight loss of 15 kg (33.0 lb) over the past 3 months and feels full almost immediately after starting to eat, often feeling nauseous and occasionally vomiting. Past medical history is not significant. However, the patient reports a 10-pack-year smoking history. His temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), respiratory rate is 15/min, pulse is 67/min, and blood pressure is 122/98 mm Hg. Physical examination reveals paleness and conjunctival pallor. Abdominal examination reveals an ill-defined nontender mass in the epigastric region along with significant hepatomegaly. Routine laboratory studies show a hemoglobin level of 7.2 g/dL. A contrast CT scan of the abdomen is presented below. Which of the following structures is most helpful in the anatomical classification of gastrointestinal bleeding in this patient?
AAmpulla of Vater
BHepatoduodenal ligament
CLigament of Treitz
DPortal vein
ESphincter of Oddi
A 69-year-old man presents with progressive dysphagia and a 5-kg weight loss over 3 months. Initially, he had difficulty swallowing solids, which progressed to include liquids in the past week. Endoscopy reveals a mass 3 cm proximal to the esophagogastric junction. Biopsy shows significant distortion of glandular architecture, consistent with adenocarcinoma. Which of the following is the strongest risk factor for this patient's likely diagnosis?
AChronic alcohol use
BVisceral obesity
CConsumption of hot liquids
DChewing of betel nuts
EConsumption of cured meats
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