A 32-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of intermittent blurred vision and problems walking. The patient states that she often feels “pins and needles” in her legs that cause her problems when she’s walking. The patient is afebrile, and her vital signs are within normal limits. An autoimmune disorder is suspected. Which of the following findings would most likely be present in this patient?
ADamaged myelin sheath and myelin-producing cells
BAbsence of interneurons
CDestruction of blood-brain barrier
DDegeneration of anterior horn cells
EDecreased cerebrospinal fluid due to destruction of cells
Which receptor type mediates the slow phase of synaptic transmission in autonomic ganglia?
AMuscarinic (M3)
BMuscarinic (M2)
CMuscarinic (M1)
DNicotinic (N2)
An investigator is studying cellular repair mechanisms in various tissues. One of the samples being reviewed is from the anterior horn of the spinal cord of a patient who was involved in a snowboard accident. Pathologic examination of the biopsy specimen shows dispersion of the Nissl bodies, swelling of the neuronal body, and a displacement of the nucleus to the periphery in numerous cells. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the observed findings?
ANeurodegenerative changes
BNeuronal aging
CCentral chromatolysis
DReactive astrogliosis
EWallerian degeneration
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