A 64-year-old woman presents to the surgical oncology clinic as a new patient for evaluation of recently diagnosed breast cancer. She has a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for which she takes metformin. Her surgical history is a total knee arthroplasty 7 years ago. Her family history is insignificant. Physical examination is notable for an irregular nodule near the surface of her right breast. Her primary concern today is which surgical approach will be chosen to remove her breast cancer. Which of the following procedures involves the removal of a portion of a breast?
AArthroplasty
BLumpectomy
CVasectomy
DMastectomy
ELaminectomy
A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a wound in his foot. Four days ago, he stepped on a nail while barefoot at the beach. Examination of the plantar surface of his right foot shows a purulent puncture wound at the base of his second toe with erythema and tenderness of the surrounding skin. The afferent lymphatic vessels from the site of the lesion drain directly into which of the following groups of regional lymph nodes?
APopliteal
BDeep inguinal
CAnterior tibial
DSuperficial inguinal
EExternal iliac
A 39-year-old man presents with painless swelling of the right testis and a sensation of heaviness. The physical examination revealed an intra-testicular solid mass that could not be felt separately from the testis. After a thorough evaluation, he was diagnosed with testicular seminoma. Which of the following group of lymph nodes are most likely involved?
ASuperficial inguinal lymph nodes (lateral group)
BDeep inguinal lymph nodes
CSuperficial inguinal lymph nodes (medial group)
DPara-rectal lymph nodes
EPara-aortic lymph nodes
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