Chapter·AnatomyHeart development

Atrial septationDownloads

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1

An obese 37-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 2 hours after the onset of weakness in her left arm and leg. She fell from the stairs the day prior but did not have any loss of consciousness or nausea after the fall. She travels to Asia regularly on business; her last trip was 4 days ago. She has no history of serious illness. Her only medication is an oral contraceptive. Her temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 113/min and regular, and blood pressure is 162/90 mm Hg. Examination shows decreased muscle strength on the left side. Deep tendon reflexes are 4+ on the left. Babinski sign is present on the left. The right lower leg is swollen, erythematous, and tender to palpation. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following?

AAtrial fibrillation

BPatent foramen ovale

CAtrial myxoma

DVentricular septal defect

ECarotid artery dissection

2

A 9-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents for an annual wellness examination. He is a relatively healthy boy who was born at term via vaginal delivery. He is meeting his developmental milestones and growth curves and is up-to-date on his immunizations. The father complains that he is picky with his food and would rather eat pizza. The patient denies any trouble at school, fevers, pain, or other concerns. A physical examination demonstrates a healthy boy with a grade 3 midsystolic ejection murmur at the second intercostal space that does not disappear when he sits up. What is the most likely explanation for this patient’s findings?

APhysiologic conditions outside the heart

BInflammation of the visceral and parietal pericardium

CFailure of the septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushions

DDefect of the septum secundum

EProlonged patency of the ductus arteriosus

3

A 2-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for a well-child examination. Cardiac auscultation is shown. When she clenches her fist forcefully for a sustained time, the intensity of the murmur increases. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's auscultation findings?

AFailure of the ductus arteriosus to close

BDefect in the atrial septum

CFusion of the right and left coronary leaflets

DProlapse of the mitral valve

EDefect in the ventricular septum

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