The surgical equipment used during a craniectomy is sterilized using pressurized steam at 121°C for 15 minutes. Reuse of these instruments can cause transmission of which of the following pathogens?
ANon-enveloped viruses
BSporulating bacteria
CPrions
DEnveloped viruses
EYeasts
A 20-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of severe muscle soreness, nausea, and darkened urine for 2 days. The patient is on the college track team and has been training intensively for an upcoming event. One month ago, she had a urinary tract infection and was treated with nitrofurantoin. She appears healthy. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 64/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Cardiopulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. The abdomen is soft and non-tender. There is diffuse muscle tenderness over the arms, legs, and back. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 12.8 g/dL Leukocyte count 7,000/mm3 Platelet count 265,000/mm3 Serum Creatine kinase 22,000 U/L Lactate dehydrogenase 380 U/L Urine Blood 3+ Protein 1+ RBC negative WBC 1–2/hpf This patient is at increased risk for which of the following complications?
AMyocarditis
BMetabolic alkalosis
CCompartment syndrome
DAcute kidney injury
EHemolytic anemia
A 14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of acute left-sided chest pain and dyspnea following a motor vehicle accident. His pulse is 122/min and blood pressure is 85/45 mm Hg. Physical examination shows distended neck veins and tracheal displacement to the right side. The left chest is hyperresonant to percussion and there are decreased breath sounds. This patient would most benefit from needle insertion at which of the following anatomical sites?
A5th left intercostal space along the midclavicular line
B8th left intercostal space along the posterior axillary line
C2nd left intercostal space along the midclavicular line
DSubxiphoid space in the left sternocostal margin
E5th left intercostal space along the midaxillary line
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