A scientist is studying the anatomy and function of bone growth. He is able to create a cell line of osteocytes with a mutation that prevents the osteocytes from exchanging nutrients and waste products within neighboring lamellae. This mutation most likely affected which of the following cell structures?
ADynein
BGap junctions
CEndoplasmic reticulum
DPlasma membrane
EKinesin
A researcher is studying physiologic and hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. Specifically, they examine the behavior of progesterone over the course of the menstrual cycle and find that it normally decreases over time; however, during pregnancy this decrease does not occur in the usual time frame. The researcher identifies a circulating factor that appears to be responsible for this difference in progesterone behavior. In order to further examine this factor, the researcher denatures the circulating factor and examines the sizes of its components on a western blot as compared to several other hormones. One of the bands the researcher identifies in this circulating factor is identical to that of another known hormone with which of the following sites of action?
AThyroid gland
BAdrenal gland
CAdipocytes
DBones
EKidney tubules
A 3-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with multiple bruises in various stages of healing. X-rays reveal several metaphyseal fractures and posterior rib fractures. The parents claim the injuries resulted from normal play activities. Which of the following patterns would most strongly suggest non-accidental trauma?
ACircular bruises on the knees
BLoop-shaped bruises on the back
CLinear bruises on the shins
DIrregular bruises on the forehead
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