An otherwise healthy 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of episodic coughing whenever he cleans his left ear. There is no history of hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo. Stimulating his left ear canal with a cotton swab triggers a bout of coughing. The physician informs him that these symptoms are caused by hypersensitivity of a cranial nerve. A peripheral lesion of this nerve is most likely to manifest with which of the following findings on physical examination?
AIpsilateral sensorineural hearing loss
BIpsilateral deviation of the tongue
CInability to raise ipsilateral eyebrow
DDecreased secretion from ipsilateral sublingual gland
EIpsilateral vocal cord palsy
A 25-year-old woman presents to the physician with a complaint of several episodes of headaches in the past 4 weeks that are affecting her school performance. These episodes are getting progressively worse, and over-the-counter medications do not seem to help. She also mentions having to raise her head each time to look at the board while taking notes; she cannot simply glance up with just her eyes. She has no significant past medical or family history and was otherwise well prior to this visit. Physical examination shows an upward gaze palsy and convergence-retraction nystagmus. What structure is most likely to be affected in this patient?
AAqueduct of Sylvius
BInferior colliculi
C3rd ventricle
DTegmentum
ECorpora quadrigemina
A neurology resident sees a stroke patient on the wards. This 57-year-old man presented to the emergency department after sudden paralysis of his right side. He was started on tissue plasminogen activator within 4 hours, as his wife noticed the symptoms and immediately called 911. When the resident asks the patient how he is doing, he replies by saying that his apartment is on Main St. He does not seem to appropriately answer the questions being asked, but rather speaks off topic. He is able to repeat the word "fan." His consciousness is intact, and his muscle tone and reflexes are normal. Upon striking the lateral part of his sole, his big toe extends upward and the other toes fan out. Which of the following is the area most likely affected in his condition?
ACaudate nucleus
BBroca’s area
CArcuate fasciculus
DTemporal lobe
ECuneus gyrus
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