You are seeing a patient in clinic who presents with complaints of weakness. Her physical exam is notable for right sided hyperreflexia, as well as the reflex finding shown in the image below. Where is the most likely location of this patient's lesion?
APostcentral gyrus
BNeuromuscular junction
CLateral geniculate nucleus
DInternal capsule
ESubthalamic nucleus
A 55-year-old woman presents to her family physician with a 1-week history of dizziness. She experiences spinning sensations whenever she lies down and these sensations increase when she turns her head to the right. These episodes are transient, intermittent, last for less than a minute, occur multiple times in a day, and are associated with nausea. Between the episodes, she is fine and is able to perform her routine activities. She denies fever, hearing disturbances, diplopia, tinnitus, and recent flu or viral illness. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. She does not use tobacco or alcohol. Her blood pressure is 124/78 mm Hg, the heart rate is 79/min, and the respiratory rate is 13/min. During the examination, when she is asked to lie supine from a sitting position with her head rotated towards the right side at 45°, horizontal nystagmus is observed. What is the next best step in the management of this patient?
ADix-Hallpike maneuver
BEpley maneuver
CMRI of the brain with gadolinium
DBroad-spectrum antibiotics
EHigh dose steroids
A 55-year-old woman presents to the physician with repeated episodes of dizziness for the last 3 months, which are triggered by rising from a supine position and by lying down. The episodes are sudden and usually last for less than 30 seconds. During the episode, she feels as if she is suddenly thrown into a rolling spin. She has no symptoms in the period between episodes. The patient denies having headaches, vomiting, deafness, ear discharge or ear pain. There is no history of a known medical disorder or prolonged consumption of a specific drug. The vital signs are within normal limits. On physical examination, when the physician asks the woman to turn her head 45° to the right, and then to rapidly move from the sitting to the supine position, self-limited rotatory nystagmus is observed following her return to the sitting position. The rest of the neurological examination is normal. Which of the following is the treatment of choice for the condition of this patient?
AOral prednisolone for 2 weeks and follow-up
BSingular neurectomy
CPosterior canal occlusion
DCanalith repositioning
EOral meclizine for 6 weeks and follow-up
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