The surgical equipment used during a craniectomy is sterilized using pressurized steam at 121°C for 15 minutes. Reuse of these instruments can cause transmission of which of the following pathogens?
ANon-enveloped viruses
BSporulating bacteria
CPrions
DEnveloped viruses
EYeasts
Two hours after admission to the intensive care unit, a 56-year-old man with necrotizing pancreatitis develops profound hypotension. His blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and he is started on vasopressors. A central venous access line is placed. Which of the following is most likely to decrease the risk of complications from this procedure?
APlacement of the central venous line in the femoral vein
BReplacement of the central venous line every 7-10 days
CInitiation of anticoagulation after placement
DPreparation of the skin with chlorhexidine and alcohol
EInitiation of periprocedural systemic antibiotic prophylaxis
During the examination of a gunshot wound, the forensic pathologist notes an entrance wound with abrasion collar and soot deposition. The wound shows a stellate-shaped pattern with irregular margins. This pattern most likely indicates which of the following?
ARicochet injury
BLong-range firing
CIntermediate-range firing
DContact wound
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