A 21-year-old man undergoes orthopedic surgery for a leg fracture that he has sustained in a motorbike accident. After induction of anesthesia with desflurane, the patient's respiratory minute ventilation decreases notably. Which of the following additional effects is most likely to occur in response to this drug?
ADecreased seizure threshold
BIncreased intracranial pressure
CIncreased skeletal muscle tonus
DIncreased cerebral metabolic rate
EIncreased glomerular filtration rate
A 56-year-old previously healthy woman with no other past medical history is post-operative day one from an open reduction and internal fixation of a fractured right radius and ulna after a motor vehicle accident. What is one of the primary ways of preventing postoperative pneumonia in this patient?
AShallow breathing exercises
BIncentive spirometry
COutpatient oral antibiotics
DHyperbaric oxygenation
EIn-hospital intravenous antibiotics
Five minutes after arriving in the postoperative care unit following total knee replacement under general anesthesia, a 55-year-old woman is acutely short of breath. The procedure was uncomplicated. Postoperatively, prophylactic treatment with cefazolin was begun and the patient received morphine and ketorolac for pain management. She has generalized anxiety disorder. Her only other medication is escitalopram. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 25 years. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 108/min, respirations are 26/min, and blood pressure is 95/52 mm Hg. A flow-volume loop obtained via pulmonary function testing is shown. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's symptoms?
ADecreased central respiratory drive
BNeuromuscular blockade
CBronchial hyperresponsiveness
DRupture of an alveolar bleb
EType I hypersensitivity reaction
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