A 5-year-old girl is brought to the physician because her mother has found her to be inattentive at home and has received multiple complaints from her teachers at school. She does not complete her assignments and does not listen to her teachers' instructions. She refuses to talk to her parents or peers. Her mother says, “She ignores everything I say to her!” She prefers playing alone, and her mother reports that she likes playing with 5 red toy cars, repeatedly arranging them in a straight line. She avoids eye contact with her mother and the physician throughout the visit. Physical and neurological examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
ARett syndrome
BConduct disorder
COppositional defiant disorder
DAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder
EAutism spectrum disorder
A mother brings her 3-year-old son to the doctor because she is worried that he might be harming himself by constantly banging his head on the wall. He has been exhibiting this behavior for a few months. She is also worried because he has started to speak less than he used to and does not respond when his name is called. He seems aloof during playtime with other children and seems to have lost interest in most of his toys. What is the most likely diagnosis?
AAutism spectrum disorder
BAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder
CGeneralized anxiety disorder
DBipolar disorder
EObsessive-compulsive disorder
A 16-year-old girl comes to the physician for a regular health visit. She feels healthy. She lives with her parents at home. She says that the relationship with her parents has been strained lately because they ""do not approve"" of her new boyfriend. She recently became sexually active with her boyfriend and requests a prescription for an oral contraception. She does not want her parents to know. She smokes half-a-pack of cigarettes per day and does not drink alcohol. She appears well-nourished. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Urine pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
ARecommend an oral contraceptive pill
BDiscuss all effective contraceptive options
CConduct HIV screening
DInform patient that her smoking history disqualifies her for oral contraceptives
EAsk patient to obtain parental consent before discussing any contraceptive options
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