A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressively worsening episodes of severe, crampy abdominal pain and nonbloody diarrhea for the past 3 years. Examination of the abdomen shows mild distension and generalized tenderness. There is a fistula draining stool in the perianal region. Immunohistochemistry shows dysfunction of the nucleotide oligomerization binding domain 2 (NOD2) protein. This dysfunction most likely causes overactivity of which of the following immunological proteins in this patient?
AInterferon-γ
Bβ-catenin
CIL-1β
DIL-10
ENF-κB
An 87-year-old male nursing home resident is currently undergoing antibiotic therapy for the treatment of a decubitus ulcer. One week into the treatment course, he experiences several episodes of watery diarrhea. Subsequent sigmoidoscopy demonstrates the presence of diffuse yellow plaques on the mucosa of the sigmoid colon. Which of the following is the best choice of treatment for this patient?
AIntravenous vancomycin
BIntravenous gentamicin
COral metronidazole
DOral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
EOral morphine
A 2-day-old newborn male delivered at 38 weeks' gestation is evaluated for poor feeding and irritability. His temperature is 35°C (95°F), pulse is 168/min, respirations are 80/min, and blood pressure is 60/30 mm Hg. Blood culture on sheep agar grows motile, gram-positive bacteria surrounded by a narrow clear zone. Further testing confirms the presence of a pore-forming toxin. Which of the following is the most important factor in successful clearance of the causal pathogen?
ASecretion of interferon-α from infected cells
BSecretion of interleukin 10 by regulatory T cells
CInterferon-γ-induced macrophage activation
DSecretion of immunoglobulin G from plasma cells
EFormation of the membrane attack complex
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