A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with acute onset confusion, sweating, weakness, and tremors. She says that the symptoms started when she went to dinner with friends and had several drinks of alcohol without eating much food. Her past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes, and she was recently started on a new medication for this disease. She mentions that her doctor warned her about the risk of low blood sugar, especially if she drinks alcohol or skips meals. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for the most likely diabetes drug that this patient started taking?
AInhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase
BClosing potassium channels
CInhibiting alpha-glucosidase
DDecreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis
EBinding to peroxisome proliferator-activating receptors
A 46-year-old woman presents with palpitations, tremors, and anxiety. She says these symptoms have been present ever since a recent change in her diabetic medication. The most recent time she felt these symptoms, her blood glucose level was 65 mg/dL, and she felt better after eating a cookie. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the drug most likely to have caused this patient's symptoms?
AInhibition of α-glucosidase
BBlocking of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels
CBlock reabsorption of glucose in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
DInhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV)
EDecreased hepatic gluconeogenesis
A 45-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of polyuria, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status for 4 hours. On arrival, she is unconscious. Treatment with a drug is begun that increases glucose transport to skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Which of the following cellular events is most likely to also occur in response to this drug?
ADephosphorylation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
BIncreased activity of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases
CCleavage of UDP from UDP-glucose
DUpregulation of glucose transporter type 3 expression
EPhosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase
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